Research Abstracts

A techno-economic study for dual purpose combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, with desalination plants in the vicinity of Sharm El Sheikh of about 500MW and about 25 MIGD potable water is presented. The following was taken into consideration: size of gas turbine; heat recov

Large dual-purpose power desalination plants are used to reduce the production cost of both electricity and water. Various combinations of power-desalination systems are conceivable in order to satisfy both power and water demands. The preference of one scheme over another would depend mainly on man

In this paper, a methodology for optimization of a given system configuration for dual-purpose desalination plants will be presented. The whole system is represented as a non-lineal programming (NLP) model solved using general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) [1]. The rigorous model incorporates a h

Several hybrid systems, which are developed now, namely NF-MSF, NF-RO-MSF, NF-RO-MD and others offer promising performance. An integrated system for complete usage of components in seawater is also being considered. In all the aforementioned systems NF as water pre-treatment method is applied and a

Two major techniques are commercially used in different parts of the world: distillation and membrane processes. The dominant distillation process is multi-stage flash (MSF), and the main membrane process is reverse osmosis (RO). Although cost factors vary by site, the total cost of producing potabl

The characteristics of the composite membranes of three types in reverse osmosis of the concentrated CaSO4 solutions containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, an acidic polyelectrolyte (APE) at different concentrations have been studied. An effect of the concentration of this APE on the characteris

Since the early 1980s, microfiltration and ultrafiltration have been widely used for drinking water applications. More recently, membranes have started to be used in membrane bioreactors or on secondary wastewater effluents for reuse application. Until recently, in desalination treatment plants seaw

Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently one of the most prevalent methods used for seawater desalination. During the past four decades, the research and development has reduced the energy consumption from about 20 to 4 kWh/m3, while improvements in membrane science has led to a 20-fold increase in the spe

Controlling fouling of membrane filtration installations (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) is a major challenge for the water industry. Fouling affects the plant performance and increases the costs of plant operation. Diagnosis of the type(s) and extent of fouling is the essential first step for

Inorganic fouling is a major challenge in seawater RO desalination due to its relatively high SO4/HCO3 molar ratios. In most of the recorded cases, if not all, calcium sulfate scale is dominating (>90% wt/wt) other scale types such as CaCO3, MgSO4, MgCO3, MgSiO3, SiO2 and CaPO4. However, the standar