Research Abstracts

While the fuel cost has increased in the past years, the desalinated water demand has also increased sharply, especially in the deserted areas. The challenge is to be able to meet such future demand, minimizing the water production costs. The desalination concepts have evolved, achieving substantial

The most common reverse osmosis (RO) membranes which attained the stage of economic application in desalination plants are made of cellulose acetate (CA) or polyamide (PA), in either hollow fiber (HF) or spiral wound (SW) configurations. The first application problem of CA membrane is its sensitivit

The phenomenon referred to as waterhammer can be used to create the pressure required for reverse osmosis of seawater, this has been described in a previous paper [1]. A subsequent paper then investigated economic feasibility and concluded that it could achieve significant cost savings as well as el

The reverse osmosis process accounts for close to 50% of all desalination processes. The reverse osmosis process is applied to desalination of various types of water that includes brackish and seawater as well as specific types of wastewater. This paper concerns design considerations in the RO proce

Tajura seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with a capacity of 10,000 m3/d is the biggest RO plant in Libya. The plant is designed to produce high quality drinking and industrial water. The plant consists of a seawater intake, pretreatment, two stages of reverse osmosis membranes in two lines

A reverse osmosis desalination unit is proposed to desalinate seawater. The pressure required to overcome the osmotic pressure and initiate the reverse osmotic process is provided by utilizing the mechanical potential energy results from the difference in heads between a high level column of seawate

A new pressure exchanger (PX) device transfers the energy from the concentrate stream directly to the feed stream. This direct, positive displacement approach results in a net transfer efficiency of over 95%. This efficiency advantage makes it possible to dramatically improve the performance of exis

This paper reviews three ways in which existing brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plants can be modified to increase overall water recovery from the 70–75% range to the 90–95% range. The three techniques used to increase plant recovery are: (i) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) for wa

Rates of zinc consumption during cathodic protection of a copper pipeline carrying saline water were measured by the loss in weight technique. Variables studied were solution flow rate, temperature and NaCl concentration. It was found that within the present range of conditions the rate of zinc cons

The role of material selection in optimising plant costs has been already subject of several studies [1–3]. These studies focused on the main plant items such as tube bundle, vessels, vessel linings, tubeplates etc. as they are the major components to the plant costs and therefore represent the main