Research Abstracts

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of an aromatic polyamide (ES 20) ultra-lowpressure reverse osmosis membrane (ULPROM) for separating divalent (CL?, Ni”) and hexavalent (Cr”) heavy metals from bulk solution. The influence of operating pressure, feed concentration,

This presentation gives methods by which ultrafiltration and crossflow microfiltration system designs can be developed and optimized when data are available relating flux rate and membrane rejection to concentration and to other parameters. System layouts considered include batch, single-stage feed-

The separation of alcohol–water mixtures by pervaporation has been preferentially carried out through hydrophobic membranes because it is more practical to permeate alcohol through the membrane. Nevertheless, most polymeric membranes are water permselective as the molecular size of water is smaller

The development of small-scale stand-alone desalination systems is important to communities on islands and in isolated inland areas. In such places, electricity supplies are often expensive and unreliable, while the wind resource is abundant. The system presented here comprises a 2.2 kW wind turbine

The wastewaters generated during the marble processing (cutting and grinding operations), the average flow rates of which are ca. 15 m3/h for a plant producing 45 m2 of polished marble/h, contain a high load of particulate matter. Furthermore, crushed stone operations sometimes use flotation agents,

The Solutocapillary Convection (SC) hypothesis contends that macrovoid (MV) growth in dry-cast membranes is governed by a solutal-Marangoni convection-induced force caused by the rapid evaporation of volatile solvent from the liquid/gas interface, a viscous drag force, and a gravity-induced buoyancy

Processes of desalination of seawater are intended to reduce the deficits in potable water both at present and in the future. Water desalination processes offer various environmental benefits (related to sanitation, water softening, quality of sewage effluents), but the process is also accompanied b

A small-scale seawater reverse-osmosis system with excellent energy efficiency is presented. The system promises to deliver up to 460 l/h of potable water, from seawater (at 40,000 ppm), while consuming less than 1600 W of electrical power. This represents a specific energy consumption of less than

In light of broad use of the electrodialysis (ED) processes, it has become crucial to minimize its operating costs. The total cost of the ED process consists of energy, investment and maintenance costs. Energy cost increases linearly with the current density while the investment cost decreases with

Studies have been conduced on a groundwater containing 850–1100 mg/l of total dissolved solids (TDS) and 80 mg/l of nitrate to remove nitrate by coupling electrodialysis and bioreactor. The performances of the pilot plant during the period of the tests (more than one year) were proved. The optimisat