Research Abstracts

Membrane filtration is used for separating oil from water and treating waste metal-working fluids. This work presents two different filtration systems and investigates the possibility of reusing their permeates. The first system consists of an ultrafiltration membrane (UF) followed by a nanofiltrati

Algeria suffers significant lack of fresh water since most of its territory is classified as arid and semiarid zones. 90% of the population is concentrated on the northern coastal region which represents 10% of the countries area and situated in a more temperate Mediterranean climate. Many factors i

Membrane bio(fouling) is the main problem during an operation of membrane elements for water treatment processes. In an attempt to reduce a bio(fouling) affinity, commercial polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes (Millipore) were surface modified via photoinitiated graft polymerisa

The state of Libya without any doubt is facing a serious water supply shortage due to an imbalance between limited water resources and its demands. The country’s population has tripled since the 1950s. As a result of the population growth and the improvement of living standard, the country is confro

An RO water desalination system consists of the pre treatment section, the desalination section and the post treatment section. In the new design plants different energy recovery systems are adopted to reduce the energy consumption of desalination section. Among the various energy recovery systems t

In the chromium tanning process leather consumes 60–80% of the applied chromium salt and the rest is usually discharged into sewage without adequate treatment, causing serious environmental impact. Chemical analysis of the spent chromium effluents from two local medium-size tannery shops indicated t

The main reason for the flux decline during the initial period of all filtration processes is the usual phenomena of concentration polarization and fouling. After this stage follows the cake filtration process that allows the obtaining of the steady state flux. The solute accumulated on the membrane

Solar distillation of brackish water is a practical alternative which offers life to those regions where the lack of fresh water hinders development. In arid zones of Algeria, there is an abundance of the sun’s energy where the shortage of fresh water is more critical; these arid zones have the high

Colloidal silica (SiO2) is perhaps the most undesirable inorganic deposit formed in process industrial waters, either in bulk or on surfaces, such as membrane heat exchangers or pipelines. Conventional mineral scale inhibitors do not inhibit its formation. Chemical cleaning is difficult and not free

In cross-flow ultrafiltration permeate flux has three types of flow regimes. Initially it has a transient regime with a decreasing permeate flow rate. Then it attains a steady state, and the flux reaches a plateau. In the third stage the flow rate becomes independent of applied pressure and is calle