Modelling

The aim of this paper is to study the thermal behaviour of a solar air heater as a source of energy for drying agricultural products. The output temperature and velocity of the drying air were first evaluated, and a mathematical formulation of the physical process of solar drying based on convention

The management of residual sludge is an important subject. New environmental laws require the elimination of this waste by only two ways: incineration and agricultural use. In order to reach this goal, mechanical dewatering can be used as a first step due to its low energy cost. However, the final m

One of the major problems associated with membrane separation processes, which restricts the widespread application of this process in the industry is the decline in flux. This occurs due to the build up of the solute concentration near the membrane surface, which is defined as concentration polaris

Crossflow microfiltration experiments were performed on aqueous dispersions of titanium dioxide through a 0.1 µm pore size ceramic membrane at various operating parameters. The initial transient flux decline follows dead-end filtration theory, with the membrane resistance determined from the initial

In order to deepen the understanding of the permeate characteristics of membrane distillation considering heat and mass transfers and concentration polarisation, a fully predictive mathematical model was developed. The first part that is devoted to the natural heat and mass transfer in the rectangul

Organic acids are increasingly used for various industrial applications. Their production is mainly achieved by fermentation. Precipitation or extraction stages, which generates big amount of effluents, are then traditionally used to get the acid in a suitable form. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis

An important challenge for nanofiltration processes is the development of predictive models that convey a fundamental understanding and simple quantification of the governing phenomena in a way that has the potential for industrial application. The paper reviews one such approach, including: the for

An existing model for the simulation of solvent flux, transmembrane pressure and velocity in spiral-wound modules has been combined with results on the critical flux of spacer filled channels to simulate the colloidal fouling of an RO spiral-wound module leaf. A number of situations were examined wh

The development of a non-destructive, real-time observation technique to detect and monitor fouling during liquid separation processes is of great importance to the development of strategies to improve operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) was used to measur

While models of membrane systems with varying degrees of complexity have been developed since the early 1960s, reports of the use of computational fluid dynamics to provide in-depth insights into the separation phenomenon have only recently appeared in the literature. This paper describes the valida