Research Abstracts

Statkraft engaged in the development of osmotic power technology in 1997, and is today the most prominent developer of the osmotic power technology in a global context. The commercialisation of osmotic power is dependent on large volumes of sufficiently efficient semi-permeable membranes with high f

Experimental study of the electrical discharge at the surface of an insulating material is presented. The discharge is created at the surface of an insulating material, we used two geometrical forms which are a flat plate and a roll. We used many types of insulating materials. For each case we show

This paper provides an overview of the existing situation in Turkey and studies how this could become more attractive for the implementation of autonomous desalination systems (ADS). The analysis covers relevant policy and programmes, legislation and administrative procedures, water prices and subsi

Baja California Sur (BCS) is an arid sparsely populated coastal state in northwest Mexico. Population growth, agriculture and booming tourism have lead to severe overexploitation of underground aquifers and saline intrusion. This paper reviews the current water and energy situation in BCS. The state

Small-scale autonomous desalination systems (ADS) powered by renewable energy are ideal for implementation in arid or semi-arid regions like the Mediterranean, especially in remote coastal or inland locations. The technology has made significant progress but wide scale implementation may face admini

Tunisia is a semi arid country; the shortage of good water quality in particular at the south regions forced the government to desalt brackish water via membrane technology such as RO to supply these regions with potable water. Station of Djerba Isle established in 2000 by SONEDE has a nominal capac

Scaling, often due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate, is a current problem in economical and technical life. To study this phenomenon, some experimental procedures have been developed. They are based for example on electrochemical precipitation, use of nanofiltration and rapid controlled pre

Polymer-flooding process is one of tertiary oil extraction technologies. It has stepped into industrialization application period in Daqing Oilfield (China) in recent years. It plays an increasingly important role in the oil exploitation, but around 60 million ton polymer-flooding wastewater is prod

This paper discusses fouling in reverse osmosis in terms of the critical flux of foulants and the fouling mechanisms based on hydraulic resistance and loss of driving force due to cake-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP). In many cases CEOP is the dominant effect and this is exacerbated by the use of c

Whilst carbon dioxide is water soluble the system is somewhat complex and results in the presence of carbonate anions which interact with cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in seawater to form insoluble carbonates, especially at high temperatures. In multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants CO2